Introduction:

Preseptal cellulitis, also known as periorbital cellulitis, is a common bacterial infection that affects the tissues anterior to the orbital septum. This article provides an overview of preseptal cellulitis, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Preseptal cellulitis typically arises from a bacterial infection, often following a localized skin infection or trauma. Common bacteria involved include Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Risk factors include recent upper respiratory infection, skin trauma, insect bites or stings, and sinusitis.

Symptoms and Presentation:

The signs and symptoms of preseptal cellulitis can include swelling and redness around the eyelids, tenderness and warmth to touch, mild to moderate pain, absence of proptosis (bulging of the eye), normal or minimally impaired vision, and no restriction of eye movements.

Diagnosis:

A thorough clinical examination is crucial for diagnosing preseptal cellulitis. It is important to differentiate it from orbital cellulitis, a more serious condition that involves the tissues posterior to the orbital septum. Imaging studies such as CT or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out orbital involvement.

Management:

The primary goal of managing preseptal cellulitis is to control the infection and prevent its spread. Treatment options include antibiotics, warm compresses, pain relief, and regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider.

Complications and Prognosis:

With timely and appropriate treatment, preseptal cellulitis is generally manageable and associated with a favorable prognosis. However, if left untreated or if the infection worsens, there is a risk of complications such as spread of infection to the orbit (orbital cellulitis), abscess formation, vision impairment or loss, and meningitis (rare).

Prevention:

Reducing the risk of preseptal cellulitis involves practicing good hygiene, promptly treating skin injuries, and managing upper respiratory infections to prevent bacterial spread.

Conclusion:

Preseptal cellulitis is a common infection affecting the periorbital tissues. Recognizing its symptoms, seeking prompt medical attention, and adhering to treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a successful recovery.

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