Introduction:

Acute pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys. It is a serious condition that can cause permanent kidney damage and even life-threatening complications. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute pyelonephritis.

Causes of Acute Pyelonephritis:

Acute pyelonephritis is caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli). Other bacteria that can cause acute pyelonephritis include:

• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Proteus mirabilis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Enterococcus faecalis

Symptoms of Acute Pyelonephritis:

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis may include:

• High fever
• Chills and shivering
• Flank pain (pain in the lower back and sides)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Urinary urgency and frequency
• Painful or burning urination
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Diagnosis of Acute Pyelonephritis:

The following tests may be performed to diagnose acute pyelonephritis:

• Urine culture and sensitivity test
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Renal ultrasound
• CT scan or MRI

Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis:

Treatment for acute pyelonephritis involves the use of antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The type of antibiotic prescribed will depend on the severity of the infection, the patient's age, and any other medical conditions they may have. Other treatments may include:

• Pain relievers
• Fluids to prevent dehydration
• Hospitalization for severe cases

Prevention of Acute Pyelonephritis:

The following measures can help prevent acute pyelonephritis:

• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
• Emptying the bladder completely when urinating
• Urinating before and after sexual activity
• Treating any underlying urinary tract abnormalities

Conclusion:

Acute pyelonephritis is a serious urinary tract infection that can cause kidney damage and life-threatening complications. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of acute pyelonephritis. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most cases of acute pyelonephritis can be cured.

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